What is thermodynamic Equilibrium?
A system in which
the macroscopic property defining the interior state of a system remain unchanged
with time is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. At thermodynamic equilibrium
the system must have to be in
mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium.
mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium.
Ø
Mechanical Equilibrium: If there is no unbalance force between
any portion of the system or between the system and the surrounding, then the
system is said to be in mechanical
equilibrium.
Ø
Chemical Equilibrium: If the composition of the various phase
in the system remain the same throughout then the system is in chemical equilibrium.
Ø
Thermal Equilibrium: If the temperature of any portion of the
system is same and it is equal to the temperature of the surrounding then the
system is said to be in thermal
equilibrium.
In the
thermodynamic equilibrium condition there will be no tendency whatever for any
change of state, either of the system or of the surrounding, to occur. The state
of thermodynamic equilibrium can be describe in terms of macroscopic
co-ordinate that do not involve the time i.e. in terms of thermodynamic co-ordinates.
[NOTE: - Instead of
saying that “a system is in mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium” if we
are only tending to told that “the system is in thermal equilibrium” then also
your answer will be complete. Because to
achieve the thermal equilibrium condition the system must have to be in both mechanical and chemical Equilibrium.]
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